The idea is that, no matter what you're doing, there's a user-centered way of doing it.
Users should be considered throughout the website design process. Usability
should not be an afterthought. Testing and fixing a website after it
has been built is inefficient and unlikely to produce good results. The best
approach to take is to incorporate a model of "pervasive usability" into your
design and production process.
The benefits of planning usability into your project are:
- Increased end-user satisfaction
- Increased end-user productivity, success, and completion
- Reduced long-term development costs (costs incurred from fixing poorly designed
products)
- Reduced training and support costs
- Return business to improve your competitiveness
A Model of "Pervasive Usability" in Website Design
1. Requirements Analysis
- Determine the goals for the website from the perspective of the user
and the business.
- Determine the user needs and target usability requirements.
- Evaluate existing versions of the site.
- Perform a competitive analysis.
- Perform user interviews and surveys.
2. Conceptual Design
- Sketch out a site design and architecture at an abstract level.
- Conduct a task analysis to find critical features.
3. Mockups / Prototypes
- Rapidly create visual representations (mockups) or interactive representations
(prototypes) of the site.
- Evaluate usability through focus groups, user tests, and walkthroughs.
- Use the evaluation results to create more mockups or improve the prototypes.
- Repeat this process (design iteration) until the design and usability goals are met
4. Production
- Create the final product.
- Evaluate functionality through testing, quality assurance, usability
testing, and field testing.
- Use the evaluation results to improve the product.
- Repeat this process (production iteration) until the business goals are met.
5. Launch and Maintenance
- Launch the website.
- Maintain and refine with user feedback.
- Use the feedback to create new requirements, and begin major design improvements (system iteration).
Evaluation occurs at every stage of the process. Similar types of evaluation
can occur at different stages of the design process to keep in mind the goals
of the project and the users' needs. And if it comes down to a choice, reduce
the scope of the project rather than the usability.
Website Design Section Overview
(*Links below are in red)
- Design
This page discusses principles of usability for design and includes lists of Dos and Don'ts for usability in design.
- Writing
This page offers writing tips for making web content more readable and comprehensible.
- Information Architecture
This page discusses practical information architecture for website design, including steps to take for coming up with an
information architecture for your site and tips for creating usable navigation systems.
- Quality Assurance
This page discusses the importance of incorporating quality assurance into your production processes and offers some areas
to cover in your own quality assurance checklist.
- Design Links
This page provides some recommended links to other website design sites with a usability focus.
- Bibliography
This is a list of published books, papers, and websites discussing usability
issues in website design.
- Survey
In Fall 1998, we conducted a survey to understand what usability information
people want on the web. These are the results.
